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Cancer Care Services & Supports
- Breast Center
- Thyroid & Parathyroid Center
- Endocrine Center
- Foregut Task Force Center
- Gynecological Oncology
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Center
- Thoracic Oncology Center
- Head & Neck Oncology and Cancer Center
- Surface Malignancy Center
- Sarcoma & Melanoma
- Neurosurgery & Spine Oncology Center
- Colorectal Oncology Center
- Uro-Oncology Center
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgical Oncology Center
- Medical Oncology & Hematology Center
- Palliative Care & Pain Management Center
- Paediatric Surgical Oncology
- Advanced Interventional Gastroenterology Center
- Interventional Radiology
- Hyperbaric Oxygen
- Complementary & Alternative Medicine
- Intensive Care Service
- Nutritional Support
- Cancer Care Services
Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the body’s soft tissues, such as fat, muscle, nerves, tendons, and blood or lymph vessels. It can occur anywhere in the body, but nearly 40% of cases are found in the arms and legs.
- Can arise in fat, muscles, nerves, and connective tissues
- May affect both adults and children
- Often requires a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy
- Specialized sarcoma teams provide the best outcomes
Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. It develops when DNA damage—usually from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds—causes mutations in skin cells. These damaged cells multiply rapidly, forming malignant tumors that begin in melanocytes (the pigment-producing cells of the skin).
Melanomas often look like moles, and some even develop from existing moles. While most are black or brown, melanomas can also appear pink, red, purple, blue, white, or skin-colored.
- Mainly caused by intense, occasional UV exposure leading to sunburn
- More common in people genetically predisposed to skin cancer
- Early detection greatly improves treatment success
- Prevention includes sun protection and regular skin checks
Multidisciplinary Approach to Sarcoma & Melanoma
Our surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists use a multidisciplinary approach (MDT) to confirm diagnosis and determine the stage of disease. This may involve a physical exam, imaging tests, or a biopsy. Depending on the stage, treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or multimodality combination therapy. Advanced options like HIPEC and Limb Infusion with Targeted Immunotherapy are also available.
Points of Interest in Sarcoma & Melanoma Care
- Leiomyosarcoma, Angiosarcoma, Dermatofibrosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Fibrous tumors, Liposarcoma
- Acral melanoma, Nodular melanoma, Metastatic sarcoma & melanoma
- Sentinel LN biopsy, Gamma probe, Lymph node dissection, Blue dye
- Limb infusion, Target therapy, Mohs surgery, HIPEC
- Immunotherapy (ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, talimogene laherparepvec)
- PET Scan, Frozen section evaluation, Second opinion in difficult cases
- Surgery options: resection margin, skin grafts, flaps, free flap, day surgery
Sarcoma Tips
- Leiomyosarcoma: arises from smooth muscle
- GIST: gastrointestinal stromal tumor
- Liposarcoma: develops from fatty tissue
- Malignant schwannoma: sarcoma of peripheral nervous system
- Angiosarcoma: arises from blood vessels
- Fibrosarcoma: develops in connective tissue
- Other rare types include: alveolar soft part sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma
Risk Factors: Certain inherited conditions like neurofibromatosis, Gardner’s syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and retinoblastoma increase risk. Some types are more common by age group—for example, rhabdomyosarcoma in children, and synovial sarcoma in adolescents. Most cases, however, occur without a clear cause.
Types of Melanoma
- Superficial spreading melanoma: most common (70% cases), often in young people, appears as irregular flat patch; usually on trunk, legs, or back.
- Lentigo maligna: develops on sun-damaged skin of elderly, often face, ears, arms; invasive form is called lentigo maligna melanoma.
- Acral lentiginous melanoma: occurs under nails, soles, or palms; more common in darker skin; may progress quickly.
- Nodular melanoma: aggressive and invasive at diagnosis; appears as a bump (black, blue, red, or skin-toned); often on trunk, scalp, or limbs of older adults.
Melanoma Risk Factors
- Sun Exposure: UV radiation (UVA & UVB) from sunlight or tanning beds; blistering sunburns in childhood carry highest risk.
- Moles: both normal and atypical (dysplastic nevi) increase risk; the more moles, the higher the risk.
- Skin Type: fair-skinned individuals with lighter hair and eye color are at higher risk.
- Personal History: having had melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma raises risk.
- Weakened Immunity: due to chemotherapy, organ transplant, excessive sun exposure, or conditions like HIV/AIDS.
Our team will guide patients and families step by step through all stages of diagnosis and treatment to achieve results based on international guidelines and benchmarks.